Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy – Caravaggio

Briefing Doc: Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy by Caravaggio

---

Main Themes

The Representation of Religious Ecstasy

The painting depicts the moment when Saint Francis of Assisi receives the stigmata—the wounds of Christ—during a mystical vision. This marks an intense spiritual experience that symbolizes his deep connection with the divine.

The Contrast Between Narrative and Representation

Frère Léon, a companion of Saint Francis, recounts a dramatic scene involving a six-winged seraphim, torrents of fire and blood. However, Caravaggio’s interpretation offers a more serene and intimate vision, emphasizing spirituality and emotion over the dramatic elements described in the narrative.

The Influence of Cardinal Del Monte

The painting was commissioned by Cardinal Del Monte and reflects his admiration for Saint Francis, whom he regarded as his patron saint. Notably, the saint’s features in the painting resemble those of the Cardinal himself, adding a personal dimension to the religious scene.

---

Key Ideas and Facts

Historical Context

The painting dates back to 1595, a time when Caravaggio was in the service of Cardinal Del Monte. It represents one of his early religious works, showcasing his development as an artist who could navigate sacred themes.

Caravaggio’s Style

The characteristic realism and chiaroscuro of Caravaggio’s work are evident in this piece. The supernatural light illuminates the two central figures, set against a dark and mysterious landscape, creating an intense contrast that heightens the emotional impact of the scene.

Interpretation of the Scene

Caravaggio deviates from the traditional portrayal of Saint Francis receiving the stigmata. Instead of a six-winged seraphim, he depicts an angel with two wings and omits any signs of violence or blood. The focus is on the intimate relationship between the angel and Saint Francis, with the saint’s vulnerability and peaceful demeanor underscored.

---

Key Quotes

• “Caravaggio’s painting is much more intimate and marks a shift in tone: the saint, who bears the features of Del Monte, seems to gently fall back into the arms of a young boy […] draped in cloth and theatrical wings.”
• “There are very few elements to indicate the subject beyond the saint’s Franciscan robe—no signs of the stigmata, nor blood except for the wound in his heart, nor the formidable seraphim. Yet the atmosphere remains authentically spiritual, with the two figures bathed in a supernatural light in the dark, nocturnal landscape where strange glows flicker on the horizon.”

---

Conclusion

Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy is a major work from Caravaggio’s early period, demonstrating his ability to create a deeply spiritual atmosphere while stepping away from traditional iconographic conventions. The painting offers a personal and moving vision of religious ecstasy, emphasizing the humanity and fragility of the saint in the presence of the divine. Through this work, Caravaggio captures a profound emotional moment, inviting the viewer to share in the saint’s sacred experience.

@thewadsworth

📣 PSA from the Wadsworth gallery attendants — Caravaggio’s “Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy” is #backonview in the Baroque gallery. Stop by this weekend to say hello! “Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy” (c.1595–96)—the first known religious composition by the artist—is considered to be one of the most important Baroque paintings in America. In 1943, it became the very first by Caravaggio to enter a public collection in the United States. #caravaggio #backonview #thewadsworth #hartford #baroqueart

♬ FEEL THE GROOVE – Queens Road, Fabian Graetz