Clytemnestra after the Murder – John Collier

John Collier’s “Clytemnestra”: A Briefing Document

John Collier’s depictions of Clytemnestra—specifically the 1882 version housed at the Guildhall Art Gallery and the c.1914 version at the Worcester City Art Gallery & Museum—stand as masterful representations of mythology intertwined with the Victorian era’s fascination with archaeology. These works explore themes of vengeance, power, and justice while showcasing Collier’s evolving commitment to historical accuracy and artistic reinterpretation.

Mythological Storytelling through Art

Collier’s Clytemnestra paintings vividly narrate the Greek queen’s act of retribution against her husband, Agamemnon, following the sacrifice of their daughter, Iphigenia. His portrayal captures the aftermath of the murder, focusing on Clytemnestra’s commanding presence and unrepentant demeanor. The drama is heightened through meticulous detail, such as her weapon of choice, blood-stained garments, and the ominous setting.

Influence of Archaeology on Victorian Art

The paintings reflect Victorian artists’ engagement with archaeological discoveries, particularly those from Troy and Mycenae. Collier incorporated these findings to lend authenticity to his work, drawing from artifacts unearthed by Heinrich Schliemann and other archaeological pioneers.

• 1882 Version:
  • Clytemnestra wields an axe, her head adorned with a gold diadem inspired by Schliemann’s “Helen of Troy” treasure.
  • Architectural and costume elements mimic Mycenaean patterns, albeit with some inaccuracies, such as the misplacement of the column capital from the Treasury of Atreus.
  • A line from Aeschylus’s Agamemnon was included in the exhibition, emphasizing the dramatic gravity of the scene.
• c.1914 Version:
  • This later rendition reflects updated archaeological insights, including Clytemnestra’s bare-breasted attire and a shift to wielding a Mycenaean sword instead of an axe.
  • Her skirt is modeled after Minoan designs, and the column from the Treasury of Atreus is correctly reconstructed.

Evolution of Artistic Interpretation

The differences between the two versions highlight Collier’s evolving understanding of ancient Greek culture and his commitment to aligning his art with emerging historical knowledge. These revisions not only demonstrate artistic growth but also underscore the dynamic relationship between art and the ever-expanding field of archaeology.

Conclusion

John Collier’s Clytemnestra paintings transcend their mythological roots, serving as a testament to the interplay between art and archaeology in the Victorian era. Through dramatic compositions and evolving historical accuracy, Collier invites viewers to reflect on the complexities of revenge, justice, and the enduring power of ancient myths. His works capture a pivotal moment in the story of Clytemnestra, immortalizing her as a figure of strength and defiance, while also mirroring the period’s relentless pursuit of knowledge and authenticity.